The Book of Purification - Littafin Bayanin Tsarki
(2) Chapter: Utensils - Babi Na Biyu Shine Hukunche - Hukunchen Ƙwaryar Alwala
Hadith 19
وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْمُحَبِّقِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الْلَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ دِبَاغُ جُلُودِ الْمَيْتَةِ طُهُورُهاَ } صَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ 1 . 1 - صحيح. وإن وهم فيه الحافظ، إذ عزو هذا اللفظ لابن حبان من رواية ابن المحبق ليس بصواب، وإنما هو لفظ حديث عائشة. وبيان ذلك "بالأصل".
English
Narrated Salama bin Al-Muhabbiq: Narrated (rad): Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The tanning of a dead animal’s skin purifies it”. [Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (sound)].
Hausa
An karɓo daga Salmata ɗan Muhabiƙ Allah Ya yarda da shi yace: Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya ce: Jemewar fatar matacciyar dabba shine Tsarkin ta. ɗan Hibban ya Inganta shi. ( Hadisin Ingantacce ne).
Tafsiri a Hausa
1. Ma’anar Hadisin
- Idan dabba ta mutu ba tare da an yanka ta bisa tsarin shari’a ba (wato ta zama mayyita), fatar jikinta a asali najasa ce.
- Amma idan aka yi dibagh (tanning/tsabtace fatar da magani), to wannan tsari yana tsarkake fata, ya zama halal a yi amfani da ita wajen yin kaya, jakunkuna, kujera, ko sauran amfani – amma ba wajen ci ko shan abinci ba.
2. Dalili daga Shari’a
- Wannan hadisi ya nuna cewa tsabta da tsaftace fata (dibagh) yana sa fata ta zama mai tsarki a amfani.
- Amma malamai sun yi ijtihadi:
Mafi rinjaye (Jumhur Malamai): Duk wata fata idan aka yi mata dibagh tana zama tsarkakakkiya, sai dai fatar aladu (dominan Qur’an ya haramta su gaba ɗaya).
Malaman Malikiyya: Sun karawa juna sani, suna ganin ba dukkan fata ba ake tsarkakewa
3. Manufar Hadisin
- Addini bai zo da wulakanci ko ɓatar da duk wani abu da Allah Ya halitta ba.
- Idan dabba ta mutu, jikinta haramun ne, amma fatar ta – idan an tsabtace ta – tana amfani ga mutane. Wannan yana nuna sauƙin Musulunci (taysīr) da kuma gujewa ɓata albarka.
A Taƙaice
Hadisin yana koya mana cewa::
- Matacciyar dabba haramun ce gaba ɗaya.
- Amma fatar dabbar idan aka tsabtace ta (dibagh), tana zama halal a yi amfani da ita wajen tufafi, kaya, kujeru, da sauran amfani na duniya.
- Wannan ya nuna sauƙi da rahamar Shari’ar Musulunci.
Explanation in English
1. Meaning of the Hadith
- When an animal dies without proper Islamic slaughter (maytah), its entire body is impure (najis).
- However, the Prophet ﷺ clarified that its skin can be purified through tanning (dibagh), which is a process of cleaning and treating the hide with chemicals, salt, or natural substances.
- Once tanned, the skin becomes pure and lawful to use for daily purposes (bags, mats, containers, shoes, etc.), but not for eating or drinking from if impurity remains.
2. Wisdom Behind It
- Islam prohibits wastefulness. Even though the dead animal cannot be eaten, its skin is still useful after purification.
- This ruling shows the ease (taysīr) and practical wisdom of Islamic law, allowing benefit from what would otherwise be thrown away.
3. Scholarly Opinions
- Majority (Hanafi, Shafi’i, Hanbali): Every type of skin from a dead animal becomes pure after tanning, except pig skin (because the Qur’an explicitly declares swine as impure).
- Maliki school: More restrictive. They hold that tanning does not purify all skins, only certain ones.
- All agree that tanning changes the impure nature of the hide into something usable and pure.
4. Other Hadith Support
- The Prophet ﷺ also said: “When the hide is tanned, it becomes pure.” (Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah).
Summary
This hadith teaches that:
- Dead animals are impure, but their hides can be purified through tanning..
- After tanning, the skins can be used for beneficial purposes.
- This reflects Islam’s balance: purity in worship and practical benefit in daily life, avoiding waste.
Bulugh al-Maram: Hadith 19
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