Hukuncin Taɓa Al-Qur’ani Ba Tare da Alwala ba

Hujjar Hadisin ‘Amr bn Hazm da Fahimtar Malamai

Darul Shukur Islamic Resource Center

Al-Qur’ani Mai Girma shi ne littafin Allah, kuma shi ne tushen shiriya ga Musulmi. Saboda girman matsayinsa, Musulunci ya koyar da girmama shi da kiyaye ladubansa, ciki har da kula da tsarki yayin mu’amala da Mushafi.

Daga cikin tambayoyin da malamai suka yi bayani a kai akwai: Shin ya halatta mutum ya taɓa Mushafin Al-Qur’ani ba tare da alwala ba?

Mafi yawan malaman fikihu sun ce bai kamata mutum ya taɓa Mushafi kai tsaye ba tare da kasancewa cikin tsarki ba. Wannan ra’ayi ya samu goyon bayan hadisin wasiƙar da Annabi Muhammad ﷺ ya aika zuwa ‘Amr bn Hazm, tare da wasu hujjoji da fahimtar Sahabbai da malamai.

Hadisin ‘Amr bn Hazm

Imam Malik ya rawaito a cikin Al-Muwaṭṭa’ cewa:

أَنْ لَا يَمَسَّ الْقُرْآنَ إِلَّا طَاهِرٌ

Ma’anarsa ita ce:

“Kada wani ya taɓa Al-Qur’ani sai wanda yake cikin tsarki.”

An rawaito wannan a cikin Al-Muwaṭṭa’ na Imam Malik, Kitab al-Qur’an, Hadisi na 1.

Wannan lafazi yana cikin wasiƙar da aka ce Manzon Allah ﷺ ya rubuta zuwa ga ‘Amr bn Hazm.

Matsayin Hadisin da Wasiƙar

Akwai muhimmin bayani da ya kamata a yi wajen gabatar da wannan hujja. Riwayar da Imam Malik ya kawo a Al-Muwaṭṭa’ tana zuwa ne ta hanyar ‘Abdullah bn Abi Bakr bn Hazm, ba tare da ambaton Sahabin da ya karɓi wasiƙar kai tsaye a wannan isnadin ba. Saboda haka malamai na ilimin Hadisi sun yi magana daban-daban game da sarkar wannan takamaiman riwayar.

Duk da haka, wasu manyan malamai sun karɓi wannan hadisin saboda yawan hanyoyin da aka ruwaito shi da kuma shahararsa tsakanin malaman farko. Ibn Hajar ya ambaci cewa wasu manyan malamai sun ɗauki hadisin wasiƙar a matsayin ingantacce saboda yaduwar riwayarsa da karɓuwarsa.

Saboda haka, yana da kyau a ce: hadisin yana da hujjoji da hanyoyi masu ƙarfafawa, kuma hukuncin mafi yawan malaman fikihu ya ginu a kansa tare da sauran dalilai.

Hujja Daga Al-Qur’ani

لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ

Allah Maɗaukaki Ya ce:

“Ba wanda yake taɓa shi sai tsarkakakku.”

(Suratul Waqi’ah: 79)

Malamai sun yi sabani kan abin da kalmar “Al-Muṭahharūn” take nufi a wannan aya. Wasu daga cikin mufassirai sun fahimce ta da cewa mala’iku ne, yayin da wasu suka yi amfani da ayar wajen nuna darajar tsarki yayin taɓa Mushafi.

Saboda haka, bai dace a jingina hukuncin kai tsaye ga wannan aya ita kaɗai ba tare da bayyana wannan sabanin tafsiri ba. Hadisin wasiƙar ‘Amr bn Hazm da sauran hujjoji su ne daga cikin dalilan da malaman fikihu suka yi amfani da su wajen wannan hukunci.

Ijma’in Malamai Kan Taɓa Mushafi

A nan ya kamata a bambanta tsakanin ijma’i da kuma ra’ayin mafi yawan malamai.

An bayyana cewa malaman mazhabobin Sunni guda huɗu — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i da Hanbali — suna da matsaya cewa mutum bai kamata ya taɓa Mushafin Al-Qur’ani kai tsaye ba tare da tsarki ba. Wasu malamai kamar Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr sun kuma ambaci cewa malaman fikihu sun yi ijma’i a kan wannan hukunci.

Sai dai akwai wasu malamai da suka yi sabani wajen fahimtar hujjojin, don haka ya fi dacewa a cikin rubutun ilimi a ce “matsayar jumhur” ko “abin da mafi yawan malaman fikihu suka tafi a kai”, musamman idan ana magana game da dukkan malamai ba tare da wani ƙuntatawa ba.

Matsayar Mazhabobin Fikihu

Mazhabar Hanafi

Mazhabar Hanafi ta hana mutum mai rashin alwala taɓa Mushafi kai tsaye. Wannan yana daga cikin ladubban tsarkakewa da girmama Al-Qur’ani.

Mazhabar Maliki

A mazhabar Maliki ma, an fi sani da cewa ba a taɓa Mushafi sai cikin tsarki. Imam Malik kansa ya rawaito wasiƙar ‘Amr bn Hazm a cikin Al-Muwaṭṭa’.

Mazhabar Shafi’i

Malamai na Shafi’iyya sun bayyana cewa ba ya halatta mutum ya taɓa Mushafi ba tare da tsarki ba, bisa hadisin da sauran dalilai.

Mazhabar Hanbali

Mazhabar Hanbali ma ta tafi a kan cewa Mushafi ba a taɓa shi kai tsaye sai bayan an samu tsarki.

Saboda haka, wannan matsaya ta samu ƙarfi sosai a cikin mazhabobin fikihu guda huɗu.

Taɓa Mushafi da Karatun Al-Qur’ani: Ba Abu Ɗaya ba Ne

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa taɓa Mushafi da kuma karanta Al-Qur’ani daga haddacewa ba abu ɗaya ba ne.

Mafi yawan malamai sun bambanta tsakanin mutum wanda ba shi da alwala amma yake son karanta Al-Qur’ani daga zuciyarsa, da kuma mutum wanda yake son ɗaukar Mushafi ya taɓa shi.

Saboda haka, mutum na iya karanta Al-Qur’ani daga haddacewa ba tare da alwala ba a yanayi da dama, amma idan zai taɓa Mushafin da aka rubuta Al-Qur’ani a ciki, to matsayar mafi yawan malamai ita ce ya kasance cikin tsarki.

Girmama Al-Qur’ani

Al-Qur’ani ba littafi ne na yau da kullum ba. Shi ne maganar Allah da aka saukar domin shiryar da mutane. Saboda haka, girmama shi yana daga cikin abubuwan da Musulmi ya kamata ya kula da su.

A kiyaye Mushafi daga wuraren da ba su dace ba.
A kula da tsarki yayin taɓa Mushafi.
A karanta shi cikin natsuwa da ladabi.
A yi tunani a kan ma’anarsa.
A yi aiki da koyarwarsa.

Darasin Hadisin Ga Rayuwar Musulmi

Babban darasin wannan hadisi shi ne cewa Musulmi ya kasance mai girmama Al-Qur’ani ba kawai ta hanyar riƙe Mushafi ba, amma ta hanyar rayuwa da abin da Al-Qur’ani ya koyar.

Tsarki yana koyar da mu tsari, ladabi da shirye-shiryen ibada. Idan mutum ya saba yin alwala kafin karanta Mushafi, hakan zai iya taimaka masa wajen shiga karatun Al-Qur’ani cikin nutsuwa da girmamawa.

⚠️ Muhimmin Bayani

Wannan post yana magana ne musamman game da taɓa Mushafi kai tsaye. Hukuncin karanta Al-Qur’ani daga waya, kwamfuta ko daga haddacewa yana da ƙarin bayanai na fikihu kuma ba lallai ya zama daidai da hukuncin taɓa Mushafin takarda ba.

Haka kuma, akwai wasu yanayi na musamman kamar koyar da yara, mai koyarwa, ko wanda yake cikin wata irin rashin tsarki, waɗanda malamai suka yi musu ƙarin bayani da bambance-bambance.

Kammalawa

Hadisin da Imam Malik ya rawaito daga wasiƙar Manzon Allah ﷺ zuwa ‘Amr bn Hazm yana daga cikin shahararrun hujjojin da aka yi amfani da su wajen hukuncin taɓa Mushafin Al-Qur’ani.

Matsayar mafi yawan malaman fikihu, ciki har da mazhabobin Sunni guda huɗu, ita ce mutum ya kasance cikin tsarki kafin ya taɓa Mushafi kai tsaye. A lokaci guda, saboda akwai tattaunawar malaman Hadisi da tafsiri kan wasu hanyoyin hujjar, ya kamata a gabatar da batun cikin ilimi da adalci ba tare da iƙirarin ijma’i fiye da abin da malamai suka tabbatar ba.

Allah Ya sanya Al-Qur’ani ya zama hasken zukatanmu, shiriyar rayuwarmu da hujja a gare mu ba hujja a kanmu ba. Ya ba mu ikon karanta shi, fahimtarsa da aiki da koyarwarsa. Āmīn.